Articles
Practical articles on GAFTA, FOSFA, LMAA, English law, charterparties, shipping and international trade.
The London Maritime Arbitrators Association (LMAA) has developed several frameworks to resolve maritime disputes. Its flagship LMAA Terms provide a…
As of 1 October 2025, several amendments to Gafta contracts and arbitration rules have come into effect. The changes include…
The English High Court has handed down a decision affecting the rights of grain traders to recover unpaid contractual prices,…
In June 2025, the Commercial Court in London (High Court of Justice) handed down an important judgment concerning a challenge…
In today’s globalised world, business routinely transcends national borders, which inevitably gives rise to disputes between companies from different jurisdictions.…
FOSFA (The Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Associations) has updated its Arbitration and Appeal Rules. The new version, effective…
English law has a long-standing tradition and a clearly structured system of awarding damages, developed over centuries through case law…
The diplomatic relationship between India and Pakistan has deteriorated significantly following a terrorist attack on April 22, 2025. A group…
Without prejudice is a legal principle in English law which protects communications between parties attempting to settle a dispute. Such…