Articles
Practical articles on GAFTA, FOSFA, LMAA, English law, charterparties, shipping and international trade.
In November, I spoke at a training course on commodity contracts in Cape Town, organised by Gafta. This course is…
A bill of lading is a document issued by the carrier or its agent to the shipper after the cargo…
A performance bond is an unconditional guarantee provided by a bank to pay a specified amount to the beneficiary upon…
The purpose of this article is to provide a basic understanding of the term FOB (Free on Board), which is…
Organic products, including organic corn, are gaining increasing popularity in the global market. These products attract consumers with their quality…
In maritime shipping, time is literally money. The concepts of laytime and demurrage are fundamental to commercial shipping operations and…
In international trade of agricultural commodities, issues of calculating damages for non-delivered goods are of key importance. In this article,…
Transportation by sea is rightly considered the most advantageous way of delivery, especially in the international transportation of bulky cargo.…
This article is a general guide to LMAA (London Maritime Arbitrators Association) arbitration. What is LMAA? LMAA is an association…