Articles
Practical articles on GAFTA, FOSFA, LMAA, English law, charterparties, shipping and international trade.
When a vessel is delayed through the charterer’s fault, but the charter contains no demurrage provision or the demurrage period…
Laycan determines when a voyage truly begins. A vessel arriving too early waits idle; a vessel arriving too late risks…
The cancelling clause gives the charterer the right to walk away from the charter if the vessel is not ready…
Industry estimates suggest that 60–75% of initial document presentations under letters of credit are rejected by banks due to discrepancies…
Default Clause in FOSFA contracts is a contractual damages mechanism triggered when one party commits a material breach. When a…
What is a demurrage time bar Charterparties almost invariably contain a time bar clause — a strict deadline within which…
In grain trading, shipment disruptions are routine. Export embargoes, strikes, war, natural disasters — any of these can make loading…
When a contracting party breaches a contract, the injured party is entitled to compensation for damages. But English law does…
Letter of indemnity (LOI) is a written undertaking by one party to compensate another for losses arising from a specific…