Articles
Practical articles on GAFTA, FOSFA, LMAA, English law, charterparties, shipping and international trade.
Legal costs in GAFTA and FOSFA arbitration are recoverable from the losing party, subject to certain conditions. The recovery regime…
The new edition of the FOSFA Rules of Arbitration and Appeal came into force on 1 April 2026. The amendments…
In an FOB contract on FOSFA or GAFTA forms, vessel nomination is not a formality but a key buyer’s obligation,…
When a vessel is delayed through the charterer’s fault, but the charter contains no demurrage provision or the demurrage period…
Laycan determines when a voyage truly begins. A vessel arriving too early waits idle; a vessel arriving too late risks…
The cancelling clause gives the charterer the right to walk away from the charter if the vessel is not ready…
Industry estimates suggest that 60–75% of initial document presentations under letters of credit are rejected by banks due to discrepancies…
Default Clause in FOSFA contracts is a contractual damages mechanism triggered when one party commits a material breach. When a…
What is a demurrage time bar Charterparties almost invariably contain a time bar clause — a strict deadline within which…