{"id":4699,"date":"2026-04-05T20:16:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T17:16:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/?p=4699"},"modified":"2026-05-28T10:54:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:54:01","slug":"letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/","title":{"rendered":"Letter of Credit Document Discrepancies: Why the Bank Refuses Payment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_71 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#How_Banks_Examine_LC_Documents\" title=\"How Banks Examine L\/C Documents\">How Banks Examine L\/C Documents<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Five_Banking_Days_for_Review\" title=\"Five Banking Days for Review\">Five Banking Days for Review<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#What_the_Bank_Actually_Examines\" title=\"What the Bank Actually Examines\">What the Bank Actually Examines<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#The_Strict_Compliance_Doctrine\" title=\"The Strict Compliance Doctrine\">The Strict Compliance Doctrine<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#The_Ampersand_That_Cost_Payment_Bulgrains_v_Shinhan_Bank\" title=\"The Ampersand That Cost Payment: Bulgrains v Shinhan Bank\">The Ampersand That Cost Payment: Bulgrains v Shinhan Bank<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#The_Classic_Example_Soproma_v_Marine_Animal_By-Products_1966\" title=\"The Classic Example: Soproma v Marine &#038; Animal By-Products (1966)\">The Classic Example: Soproma v Marine &#038; Animal By-Products (1966)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#But_What_if_the_Discrepancy_Is_Truly_Trivial\" title=\"But What if the Discrepancy Is Truly Trivial?\">But What if the Discrepancy Is Truly Trivial?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#What_to_Do_When_the_Bank_Finds_Discrepancies\" title=\"What to Do When the Bank Finds Discrepancies\">What to Do When the Bank Finds Discrepancies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Option_1_Correct_and_Resubmit\" title=\"Option 1: Correct and Resubmit\">Option 1: Correct and Resubmit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Option_2_Request_a_Waiver_from_the_Buyer\" title=\"Option 2: Request a Waiver from the Buyer\">Option 2: Request a Waiver from the Buyer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Option_3_Payment_Under_Indemnity\" title=\"Option 3: Payment Under Indemnity\">Option 3: Payment Under Indemnity<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Preventing_Discrepancies\" title=\"Preventing Discrepancies\">Preventing Discrepancies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Before_Shipment\" title=\"Before Shipment\">Before Shipment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#When_Preparing_Documents\" title=\"When Preparing Documents\">When Preparing Documents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Special_Caution_in_Rising_Markets\" title=\"Special Caution in Rising Markets\">Special Caution in Rising Markets<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Can_the_bank_unilaterally_decide_a_discrepancy_is_immaterial\" title=\"Can the bank unilaterally decide a discrepancy is immaterial?\">Can the bank unilaterally decide a discrepancy is immaterial?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#What_happens_if_the_bank_misses_the_five-day_notification_deadline\" title=\"What happens if the bank misses the five-day notification deadline?\">What happens if the bank misses the five-day notification deadline?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Can_the_buyer_instruct_the_bank_not_to_pay\" title=\"Can the buyer instruct the bank not to pay?\">Can the buyer instruct the bank not to pay?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#How_many_times_can_documents_be_resubmitted\" title=\"How many times can documents be resubmitted?\">How many times can documents be resubmitted?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/letter-of-credit-document-discrepancies\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Industry estimates suggest that 60\u201375% of initial document presentations under letters of credit are rejected by banks due to discrepancies with the L\/C terms. For a seller who has already shipped goods and expects payment, a bank\u2019s refusal is a serious problem. The roots of this problem lie in one fundamental principle: <strong>strict compliance with documentary requirements<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>In our <a href=\"\/letter-of-credit-overview\/\">overview article on letters of credit<\/a> we covered the general mechanics of L\/Cs\u2014how they are opened, who participates, and what types exist. Here we focus on one specific question: why banks reject documents and what you can do about it.<\/p>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2hmedia-VnK5iT01HYQ-unsplash-1.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping trade documents and commercial invoices on a desk\" title=\"\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Banks_Examine_LC_Documents\"><\/span>How Banks Examine L\/C Documents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>The essence of a letter of credit boils down to a simple principle: the bank pays the seller if the documents look flawless on paper. The actual shipment, the quality of the goods, the performance of the underlying contract\u2014none of this concerns the bank. Its sole task is to compare the documents against the text of the L\/C.<\/p>\n\n<p>The standard for this examination is set out in Art. 14(a) of <a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/business-solutions\/icc-rules\/uniform-customs-and-practice-for-documentary-credits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCP 600<\/a>: the bank assesses documents solely <strong>on their face<\/strong>. A missing document, an error in the text, a deviation from the L\/C wording\u2014any of these defects will lead to refusal of payment.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Five_Banking_Days_for_Review\"><\/span>Five Banking Days for Review<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Under the current rules (UCP 600, Art. 14(b)), the bank has exactly <strong>five banking days<\/strong> to review incoming documents. For comparison: the previous UCP 500 edition allowed seven days, while the even earlier UCP 400 did not fix any specific period at all, which gave rise to abuses.<\/p>\n\n<p>Missing this deadline costs the bank dearly: if notice of discrepancies is not sent within five days, the bank forfeits the right to cite the defects, and the presentation is automatically deemed accepted (UCP 600, Art. 16(f)). In practice, this is one of the seller\u2019s most powerful protections\u2014it prevents the bank from holding documents indefinitely without responding.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_the_Bank_Actually_Examines\"><\/span>What the Bank Actually Examines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>The bank compares each incoming document against the L\/C text. An important nuance: UCP 600 (Art. 14(d)) does not require word-for-word identity\u2014data in the documents may be worded differently. However, <strong>no contradictions are permitted<\/strong> between the documents and the L\/C, or between the documents themselves.<\/p>\n\n<p>Drawing this line between \u2018different wording\u2019 and \u2018contradiction\u2019 is not easy in practice, and this is where most disputes arise. An example of a direct contradiction: the L\/C requires \u2018minimum 70% protein,\u2019 but the analysis certificate shows 67%. Now consider a different situation: the beneficiary\u2019s address in the invoice is recorded differently from the L\/C. UCP 600 takes a pragmatic approach here: if both addresses point to the same country, the discrepancy is not treated as a defect (Art. 14(j)).<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Strict_Compliance_Doctrine\"><\/span>The Strict Compliance Doctrine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>In the world of documentary credits, strict compliance is an absolute rule. If the documents diverge from the L\/C text in any respect, the bank must reject them\u2014regardless of whether the discrepancy makes any commercial difference.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Ampersand_That_Cost_Payment_Bulgrains_v_Shinhan_Bank\"><\/span>The Ampersand That Cost Payment: <em>Bulgrains v Shinhan Bank<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>In <strong>Bulgrains &#038; Co Ltd v Shinhan Bank<\/strong> [2013] EWHC 2498 (QB), the bank rejected documents because the beneficiary\u2019s name included an ampersand (&#8220;&#038;&#8221;) that did not appear in the L\/C text. This seemed a purely formal detail with no bearing on party identification or the transaction\u2019s substance.<\/p>\n\n<p>The court upheld the rejection and made a fundamental clarification: the doctrine of <em>de minimis<\/em> (insignificance rule) is inapplicable to documentary credits. However minor the error may seem, a divergence between the document text and the L\/C wording obliges the bank to refuse payment\u2014the bank has no discretion here.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Classic_Example_Soproma_v_Marine_Animal_By-Products_1966\"><\/span>The Classic Example: <em>Soproma v Marine &#038; Animal By-Products<\/em> (1966)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Another frequently cited case is <strong>Soproma SpA v Marine &#038; Animal By-Products Corporation<\/strong> [1966] 1 Lloyd\u2019s Rep 367. The dispute involved supply of Chilean fish meal on C&#038;F terms. Document discrepancies included incorrect wording in the phytosanitary certificate and a bill of lading marked &#8220;freight payable at destination&#8221; instead of the required &#8220;freight prepaid.&#8221; The court (McNair J.) found the documentary presentation non-complying.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"But_What_if_the_Discrepancy_Is_Truly_Trivial\"><\/span>But What if the Discrepancy Is Truly Trivial?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>English courts recognize an extremely narrow exception for wholly trivial defects. In <strong>Bankers Trust Co v State Bank of India<\/strong> [1991] 2 Lloyd\u2019s Rep 443, among multiple alleged discrepancies was an incorrect buyer\u2019s telex number\u2014&#8221;931310&#8243; instead of &#8220;981310&#8221; (a single-digit typo). The Court of Appeal noted that such a typographical error, obviously not affecting party identification, might not constitute a basis for rejection. However, the court immediately qualified this: it was an extraordinarily narrow concession, applicable only to defects that, on any reasonable reading, could not possibly mislead anyone.<\/p>\n\n<p>Relying on this exception when preparing documents is a risky strategy. A bank that discovers a discrepancy will not deliberate whether it is &#8220;trivial&#8221;\u2014it will simply refuse.<\/p>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/harisillahi-9VmKFc_c748-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Cargo ship being loaded at a port with cranes\" title=\"\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_to_Do_When_the_Bank_Finds_Discrepancies\"><\/span>What to Do When the Bank Finds Discrepancies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>Upon discovering non-compliance, the bank sends the seller <strong>a single notice of refusal<\/strong> (single notice of refusal). The content of this document is strictly prescribed: it must expressly state the refusal to pay, provide a full list of discovered defects, and describe how the bank intends to deal with the documents\u2014whether it will hold them, return them to the presenter, or dispose of them under a previously agreed arrangement (UCP 600, Art. 16(c)).<\/p>\n\n<p>The key time constraint: the notice must be sent <strong>by telecommunications<\/strong> by the close of the <strong>fifth banking day<\/strong> counted from the date the bank received the documents (UCP 600, Art. 16(d)).<\/p>\n\n<p>Once you receive this notice, you have several options.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Option_1_Correct_and_Resubmit\"><\/span>Option 1: Correct and Resubmit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>If the discrepancy can be corrected (for example, a typo in the invoice or a missing certificate), you can obtain corrected documents and present them again to the bank\u2014provided the L\/C validity has not expired.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Option_2_Request_a_Waiver_from_the_Buyer\"><\/span>Option 2: Request a Waiver from the Buyer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>The issuing bank may, at its discretion, contact the buyer (applicant) requesting a <strong>waiver<\/strong>\u2014agreement to accept documents despite the discrepancies (UCP 600, Art. 16(b)). The buyer decides whether to accept documents &#8220;as is.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n<p>Here lies a practical trap: the buyer is not obligated to agree. If the market price for the goods has fallen since contract signature, the buyer gains incentive to reject the documents, using the formal discrepancy as a pretext for exiting an unfavorable deal.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Option_3_Payment_Under_Indemnity\"><\/span>Option 3: Payment Under Indemnity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Your bank may make payment under your indemnity obligation. If the buyer later refuses the documents, your bank will demand reimbursement. This option suits situations where you are confident the buyer will accept the documents and you need fast payment.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preventing_Discrepancies\"><\/span>Preventing Discrepancies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>Most bank rejections can be prevented before goods are shipped. The critical step is verifying the L\/C against the contract immediately upon receipt.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Before_Shipment\"><\/span>Before Shipment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Upon receiving the L\/C, you must immediately compare its terms to your contract. If wording diverges\u2014demand an amendment. Silence after receiving an L\/C may be construed as acceptance of its terms.<\/p>\n\n<p>Separately, arrange in advance with your carrier, insurer, and surveyor for the precise document wording they will issue. If the L\/C requires a certificate with specific language\u2014confirm the lab or inspection company will provide that exact wording.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Preparing_Documents\"><\/span>When Preparing Documents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Many banks offer pre-checking services\u2014preliminary review of documents before formal presentation. This service costs money but allows you to identify discrepancies early and correct them before the five-day examination clock starts.<\/p>\n\n<p>Submit documents at least several days before the L\/C expires\u2014to leave time for corrections if discrepancies are found.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_Caution_in_Rising_Markets\"><\/span>Special Caution in Rising Markets<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>When market price has risen significantly since contract conclusion, the buyer is in a losing position and less inclined to forgive document errors. A discrepancy that would normally be waived in typical circumstances may become grounds for rejection in a rising market.<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_the_bank_unilaterally_decide_a_discrepancy_is_immaterial\"><\/span>Can the bank unilaterally decide a discrepancy is immaterial?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>No. The bank cannot assess the commercial importance of a discrepancy. If documents do not comply with L\/C terms on their face\u2014the bank must refuse. An exception for wholly trivial defects (typographical errors not affecting identification) exists, but it is so narrow that you cannot rely on it.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_happens_if_the_bank_misses_the_five-day_notification_deadline\"><\/span>What happens if the bank misses the five-day notification deadline?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>If the bank fails to send notice of rejection within five banking days, it loses the right to rely on the non-compliance (UCP 600, Art. 16(f)). The documents are deemed accepted, and the bank must pay.<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_the_buyer_instruct_the_bank_not_to_pay\"><\/span>Can the buyer instruct the bank not to pay?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>As a general rule, no. The L\/C is autonomous from the underlying contract, and the buyer cannot influence the bank\u2019s decision on document compliance. The sole exception is <strong>proven fraud<\/strong> by the seller (forged documents).<\/p>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_times_can_documents_be_resubmitted\"><\/span>How many times can documents be resubmitted?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>As many times as the L\/C validity allows. Each new presentation triggers a fresh five-day examination period. However, note the 21-calendar-day limit after shipment date for transportation documents (UCP 600, Art. 14(c)).<\/p>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>Document discrepancies are among the most frequent problems in international trade. The strict compliance doctrine leaves no room for arguing &#8220;the discrepancy is insignificant&#8221;: if documents do not match the L\/C terms\u2014the bank will refuse. Your best defense is careful verification of the L\/C against your contract immediately after receipt, pre-arrangement of document wording with carriers and inspectors before shipment, and use of the bank\u2019s pre-checking service before formal presentation.<\/p>\n\n<p>If you have questions about letters of credit or need help resolving a discrepancy dispute, please get in touch:<\/p>\n\n<p>\ud83d\udce7 <a href=\"mailto:danil@danil-hristich.com\">danil@danil-hristich.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcf1 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/danilhristich\" target=\"_blank\">Telegram<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/380632956265\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WhatsApp<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Industry estimates suggest that 60\u201375% of initial document presentations under letters of credit are rejected by banks due to discrepancies with the L\/C terms. For a seller who has already shipped goods and expects payment, a bank\u2019s refusal is a serious problem. The roots of this problem lie in one fundamental principle: strict compliance with<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"rank_math_title":"Letter of Credit Document Discrepancies: Why the Bank Refuses Payment","rank_math_description":"Industry estimates suggest that 60-75% of initial document presentations under letters of credit are rejected. Learn about the strict compliance doctrine, key court cases, and practical steps to prevent discrepancies.","rank_math_focus_keyword":"letter of credit discrepancies","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[779,13,414,871,780,872],"class_list":{"0":"post-4699","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-main","8":"tag-documentary-credits","9":"tag-gafta","10":"tag-international-trade","11":"tag-letter-of-credit-en","12":"tag-strict-compliance","13":"tag-ucp-600-en"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4699"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4705,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions\/4705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danil-hristich.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}